AI: Gilbert N. Lewis, Linus Pauling, Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin, Robert Burns Woodward, and Ahmed Zewail Compared: Modern Chemists

“Thermodynamics predicts the possibilities, not the probabilities.” – Gilbert N. Lewis. This view reflects his understanding that thermodynamics determines whether a reaction can occur spontaneously (possibility/feasibility) but not how fast it will occur (probability/rate).

“Facts are the air of scientists. Without them, you can never fly.” – Linus Pauling

“I don’t feel that there are any particular difficulties about being a woman in science… except for the interruptions.” – Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin

“It has seemed interesting to me that the human mind, looking only at the structure of the molecule, could create such a complex sequence of reactions.” – Robert Burns Woodward.

“Just as geographical exploration enriched humankind’s knowledge of the world, chemical exploration using femtosecond lasers is enriching our knowledge of the world of molecules.” – Ahmed Zewail.